Ingredient dictionary

A synthetic precursor to the retinoid adapalene, used to help smooth skin texture, soften lines, and reduce the look of pores + blemishes.

An umbrella term for vitamin A derivatives that work as antioxidants and promote anti-aging, firming, skin tone evening and pore-minimizing benefits.

This tree resin has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, but also has the potential to irritate skin.

Substance derived from silica that can enhance a product's texture and act as a water-binding agent. Claims that it "suffocates" skin have not been proven true.

Retinyl propionate is a vitamin A derivative that shares the same anti-aging benefits as classic retinol but with greater stability. 

Helps visibly minimise pore size, improve dull/uneven tone, and reduce wrinkle depth. Also known to fortify skin's barrier strength and boost hydration.

This anti-ageing, pore minimising ingredient is better known as niacinamide or vitamin B3.

This acid is one of two types of vitamin B3, the other being niacinamide.