Ingredient dictionary

This tree resin has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, but also has the potential to irritate skin.

Substance derived from silica that can enhance a product's texture and act as a water-binding agent. Claims that it "suffocates" skin have not been proven true.

This acid is one of two types of vitamin B3, the other being niacinamide.

A type of clay used in cosmetics that enhances texture by imparting a smooth, silky feel.

An ester of vitamin A (retinoic acid) and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) that functions as an antioxidant.

A synthetic, "new generation" retinol with research showing its usefulness for restoring and improving signs of ageing in skin.

A synthetic precursor to the retinoid adapalene, used to help smooth skin texture, soften lines, and reduce the look of pores + blemishes.

An umbrella term for vitamin A derivatives that work as antioxidants and promote anti-aging, firming, skin tone evening and pore-minimizing benefits.